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Adige (\u00c7erkes) K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130zleri<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Adige eski inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan beslendi\u011fi ve bunlar\u0131n birle\u015fmesiyle olu\u015ftu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Adige kabilelerinin eski inan\u00e7lar\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da etkili olmu\u015f Yunan-Roma kolonileri taraf\u0131ndan getirilen din\u00ee unsurlarla b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fmi\u015f ve bunlara \u00d6n Asya medeniyetlerinin de baz\u0131 etkileri olmu\u015ftur. Alt\u0131nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019da H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131yla Adigelerin \u00e7ok tanr\u0131l\u0131 inan\u00e7 sistemleri H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n baz\u0131 unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 da \u00f6z\u00fcmseyerek Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar\u2019dakine benzer bir karakter kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak Kara\u00e7ay-Malkar\u2019daki eski inan\u00e7lar\u0131n Orta Asya \u015eamanizm\u2019i ile organik bir ili\u015fkisi bulunmakta, Adigelerde ise eski Yunan-Roma medeniyetleri ile bir ba\u011flant\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n 6.nc\u0131 y\u00fczy\u0131lda, \u00f6zellikle Bizans imparatoru I. Justinyen (527-565) d\u00f6neminde Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n bat\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131k olduk\u00e7a yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00c7ok say\u0131da papaz Kafkasya\u2019ya gelmi\u015f ve kiliseler kurmu\u015ftu. Adigeler papazlara \u201c\u015fogen<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 veriyorlard\u0131. Bug\u00fcn Adigeler aras\u0131nda \u201c\u015fogen<\/em>\u201d yada \u201c\u015fevcen<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan soylar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 bunlar\u0131n etnik y\u00f6nden de Adigelere kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir. 12. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Cenevizliler Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda kurduklar\u0131 kolonilerde bir\u00e7ok kilise in\u015fa etmi\u015fler ve Wub\u0131hlar\u0131 Katolikle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdi (G\u00fcsar 1977:30). 1404 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adigeler aras\u0131nda bulunan ba\u015fpiskopos Johannes de Galonifontibus, deniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Adigelerin Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n dinini benimsediklerini yazmaktad\u0131r. Ancak kendilerine g\u00f6re ibadet ve din\u00ee t\u00f6renlerinin oldu\u011funu da bildirmektedir (Tardy 1978:92). Galonifontibus\u2019un 1404 y\u0131l\u0131nda Adigeler i\u00e7in yazd\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir:<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cDeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131nda ya\u015fayan Zihler (Adigeler) Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n dinini benimsemi\u015flerdir ve ayr\u0131ca kendilerine g\u00f6re ibadetleri ve din\u00ee t\u00f6renleri vard\u0131r. Paskalyadan \u00f6nceki perhiz g\u00fcnlerini k\u0131rk g\u00fcn de\u011fil elli g\u00fcn olarak tutarlar. Noelden \u00f6nceki bir ay ve Cuma g\u00fcnleri de oru\u00e7 tutarlar. Kiliseleri, ikonlar\u0131 ve yortular\u0131 Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131nki gibidir. B\u00fcy\u00fck yortularda ve Pazar g\u00fcnleri hayvan kurban ederler. Kurban\u0131n etleri da\u011f\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r ve yenilir. Kurban\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131 ise ya\u015fl\u0131lara ya da fakirlere verilir veya y\u00fcksek a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131na as\u0131l\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kutsal ruhlar\u0131 doyurduklar\u0131na inan\u0131rlar. Kilisenin yan\u0131nda \u00fczerinde ha\u00e7 bulunan bir a\u011fa\u00e7 vard\u0131r. Bu a\u011faca \u201cAllah\u0131n a\u011fac\u0131\u201d derler. Bu a\u011fac\u0131n dallar\u0131na \u00e7e\u015fitli semboller, hayvan kafalar\u0131 as\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ke\u015fi\u015fleri yoktur.\u201d <\/span><\/em>(Tardy 1978:93<\/span><\/p>\n Adigeler \u201cMerem<\/em>\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdikleri Meryem Ana\u2019y\u0131 bir tanr\u0131\u00e7a olarak kabul ederler ve onun \u015ferefine bir bayram d\u00fczenlerlerdi. 6 Kas\u0131m 1838 tarihinde Adigelerin Merem Bayram\u0131n\u0131 kutlama t\u00f6reninde bulunan \u0130ngiliz gezgin J.Bell bu t\u00f6rende halka \u201c\u015fuat<\/em>\u201d adl\u0131 bir i\u00e7ki, \u00e7\u00f6rek ve mayas\u0131z ekmek sunuldu\u011funu, oyunlar oynand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirmektedir. Adigelerin Merem\u2019e \u201csen g\u00f6klerin sahibesi, k\u0131zlar\u0131n koruyucususun. Ey g\u00fczel Merem, sen bize verimli \u00fcr\u00fcnler, bar\u0131\u015f ve mutluluk ba\u011f\u0131\u015fla<\/em>\u201d diye dua ettiklerini kaydeden J.Bell, onun \u015ferefine kurbanlar kesilip ziyafetler verildi\u011fini anlatmaktad\u0131r (G\u00fcsar 1977:33). 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131nda Adigeler aras\u0131nda bulunan Leonti Lyulye de Adigelerin Meryem\u2019i \u201cMeriyem t\u011fa\u015fhuo yi yan<\/em>\u201d (b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131n\u0131n annesi) diyerek y\u00fccelttiklerini kaydetmi\u015ftir (Lyulye 1998: 68). B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan da Adigelerin \u201cMerem\u201d yada \u201cMeyrem\u201d dedikleri Meryem Anay\u0131 dualar\u0131nda and\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kimli\u011finden habersiz olduklar\u0131 halde \u201cMeyremok<\/em>\u201d yani Meryem o\u011flu dedikleri Hz.\u0130sa\u2019ya \u00e7ok h\u00fcrmet g\u00f6sterdiklerini bildirmektedir (B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan 1969:84). Adigelerin \u201cMeyremok\u201d bi\u00e7iminde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bu isim Kara\u00e7ay-Malkarl\u0131larda \u201cBayramuk<\/em>\u201d bi\u00e7imindedir ve her ikisinin de anlam\u0131 ve k\u00f6keni birdir.<\/span><\/p>\n H\u0131ristiyan Adigeler ha\u00e7\u0131 kutsal bir sembol sayarlard\u0131. Evlerinin bir k\u00f6\u015fesinde ha\u00e7 bulundurma gelene\u011fine s\u0131k\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131ya ba\u011fl\u0131 olan Adigeler, kendilerinden izin al\u0131nmad\u0131k\u00e7a bu ha\u00e7 sayesinde ba\u015fkalar\u0131n\u0131n evlerine giremeyece\u011fine inan\u0131rlard\u0131 (G\u00fcsar 1977:30). 1777 y\u0131l\u0131nda Trabzon\u2019da do\u011fan ve Venedik Mekhitarist Manast\u0131r\u0131nda yeti\u015fen alim rahiplerden Per Minas B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan 1817 y\u0131l\u0131nda Karadeniz sahillerini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m dola\u015farak g\u00f6zlemlerini \u201cPontos Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131na yazmakla beraber, o b\u00f6lgelerin eski tarih\u00ee devirlerine ait bilgileri de eserine kaydetmi\u015ftir. Bu bak\u0131mdan Per Minas B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan\u2019\u0131n \u201cPontos Tarihi\u201d adl\u0131 eserinde Abhaz ve Adige halklar\u0131n\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki sosyo-k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131lar\u0131 ile ilgili \u00f6nemli bilgiler yer almaktad\u0131r. B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan\u2019\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da baz\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini verdi\u011fimiz, Abhazlarla ilgili g\u00f6zlemleri onlar\u0131n 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l ba\u015flar\u0131ndaki sosyal yap\u0131lar\u0131, dinleri ve eski inan\u00e7lar\u0131na \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutacak niteliktedir. B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan\u2019\u0131n Abhazlara ili\u015fkin verdi\u011fi bilgiler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cAbazalar (Abhazlar) putperest ve a\u011faca tapan bir topluluk olduklar\u0131 halde ha\u00e7tan \u00e7ok korkarlar ve ona da taparlar. Abhazlar b\u00fcy\u00fcc\u00fc ve falc\u0131lar\u0131n baklaya ve hayvanlar\u0131n k\u00fcrek kemi\u011fine bakarak yapt\u0131klar\u0131 kehanetlere inan\u0131rlar. Ha\u00e7 \u00fczerine yemin eder ve h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131 korkutmak i\u00e7in saklad\u0131klar\u0131 \u015feylerin yan\u0131na ha\u00e7 koyarlar. Pek \u00e7ok bat\u0131l itikatlara ba\u011fl\u0131 kalm\u0131\u015f olan bu insanlar yeni \u015feyler \u00f6\u011frenmekten \u00e7ekindikleri i\u00e7in olduklar\u0131 gibi kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n Abhazlar Tap\u015fi dedikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck a\u011fa\u00e7lara taparlar, ayn\u0131 zamanda ikon, ha\u00e7 ve \u0130ncil\u2019e de h\u00fcrmet ederler. Baz\u0131 yerlerde eski kiliselerin i\u00e7inde dua gibi \u015feyler okurlar. Eskiden H\u0131ristiyan olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in perhiz adetleri vard\u0131r. Tenefe dedikleri paskalya yortusunu bilirler ve o g\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fclerin ruhuna yemek da\u011f\u0131t\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n Abhazlarda bekar gen\u00e7ler evleninceye kadar sakallar\u0131n\u0131 asla tra\u015f etmezler. Evlenince t\u0131ra\u015f olurlar ve \u00f6l\u00fcnceye kadar sakals\u0131z kal\u0131rlar. Akrabalardan k\u0131z almazlar. B\u00fcy\u00fck ni\u015fan merasimi yaparak her evden getirilen e\u015fyay\u0131 a\u011fac\u0131n dibine y\u0131\u011farlar. Ellerinde t\u0131ls\u0131m gibi \u015feyler tutmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 halde hep birden \u201cTap\u015fi Meyrem\u201d diye ba\u011f\u0131rarak dua ederler. Sonra yer i\u00e7er, toplu halde oynarlar. Ni\u015fanlanmak isteyen o\u011flan mendilini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p aln\u0131na s\u00fcrer ve be\u011fendi\u011fi k\u0131z\u0131n omzuna koyar. K\u0131z da o\u011flan\u0131 be\u011fenmi\u015fse ayn\u0131 mendili kendi aln\u0131na s\u00fcrd\u00fckten sonra koynuna koyar. Ni\u015fan bu suretle k\u0131y\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olur. Evlenme merasimleri de, ihtiyarlar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde r\u0131za g\u00f6sterildikten sonra ayn\u0131 suretle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Evlilikte ahlaks\u0131zl\u0131k yapan\u0131 tutup denize atarlar ve kimse korumaya kalk\u0131\u015fmaz\u201d. <\/span><\/em>(B\u0131j\u0131\u015fkyan 1969:79-81).<\/span><\/p>\n Kaynak:\u00a0http:\/\/circassiancenter.com\/tr\/kafkasyada-hiristiyanligin-izleri\/<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Adige (Çerkes) Kültüründe Hıristiyanlığın İzleri Adige eski inançlarının çeşitli kaynaklardan beslendiği ve bunların birleşmesiyle oluştuğu anlaşılmaktadır. Adige kabilelerinin eski inançları Kafkasya’da etkili olmuş Yunan-Roma kolonileri tarafından getirilen dinî unsurlarla bütünleşmiş ve bunlara Ön Asya medeniyetlerinin de bazı etkileri olmuştur. Altıncı yüzyıldan itibaren Batı Kafkasya’da Hıristiyanlığın yayılmaya başlamasıyla Adigelerin çok tanrılı inanç sistemleri Hıristiyanlığın bazı unsurlarını […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cerkeslerin-hiristiyanlik-tarihi","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=166"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":167,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166\/revisions\/167"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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\nAbhaz K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnde H\u0131ristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u0130zleri<\/strong><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n