{"id":1765,"date":"2023-09-23T21:10:18","date_gmt":"2023-09-23T21:10:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/?p=1765"},"modified":"2024-04-13T15:56:47","modified_gmt":"2024-04-13T15:56:47","slug":"katoliklik-ortodoksluk-ve-protestanlik-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/katoliklik-ortodoksluk-ve-protestanlik-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"KATOL\u0130KL\u0130K, ORTODOKSLUK VE PROTESTANLIK NED\u0130R?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1729 \" src=\"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/57-KATOLIKLIK-ORTODOKSLUK-VE-PROTESTANLIK-NEDIR.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"601\" height=\"337\" srcset=\"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/57-KATOLIKLIK-ORTODOKSLUK-VE-PROTESTANLIK-NEDIR.png 811w, http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/57-KATOLIKLIK-ORTODOKSLUK-VE-PROTESTANLIK-NEDIR-500x281.png 500w, http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/57-KATOLIKLIK-ORTODOKSLUK-VE-PROTESTANLIK-NEDIR-768x431.png 768w, http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/57-KATOLIKLIK-ORTODOKSLUK-VE-PROTESTANLIK-NEDIR-800x450.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"wpb_column pos-top pos-center align_left column_parent col-lg-8 single-internal-gutter\">\n<div class=\"uncol style-light\">\n<div class=\"uncoltable\">\n<div class=\"uncell no-block-padding\">\n<div class=\"uncont\">\n<div class=\"uncode_text_column\">\n<h2>Katoliklik, Ortodoksluk ve Protestanl\u0131k Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar Nelerdir?<\/h2>\n<p>\u00dclkemizde en \u00e7ok merak edilen konulardan birisi 3 temel Hristiyan mezhep olan Katoliklik, Ortodoksluk ve Protestanl\u0131k aras\u0131nda ne fark oldu\u011fu konusudur. Bu makalemizde bunlara de\u011finece\u011fiz. \u00d6ncesinde tabi ortak oldu\u011fu noktalardan bahsetmekte fayda var.<\/p>\n<p>Katolikleri, Ortodokslar\u0131 ve Protestanlar\u0131 bu mezheplerin birer par\u00e7as\u0131 yapan \u00f6zelliklerden daha \u00f6nemlisi bu mezheplere mensup her bir bireyi Hristiyan yapan \u00f6zelliklerin olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 mezhep de temelde ilk g\u00fcnah (orijinal g\u00fcnah) kavram\u0131na, \u00dc\u00e7l\u00fc Birlik (Baba \u2013 O\u011ful \u2013 Kutsal Ruh) kavram\u0131na, \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in Tanr\u0131\u2019n\u0131n beden alm\u0131\u015f hali oldu\u011funa, g\u00fcnahlar\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in d\u00fcnyaya gelip, \u00e7arm\u0131hta \u00f6l\u00fcp, \u00fc\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra dirilip, g\u00f6\u011fe y\u00fckseldi\u011fine ve gelecekte yarg\u0131lamak i\u00e7in tekrar gelece\u011fine inan\u0131rlar. K\u0131sacas\u0131 Kutsal Kitap ve \u0130znik \u0130nan\u00e7 Bildirgesi bu \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck mezhebin birle\u015fti\u011fi iki temel kaynakt\u0131r. Bunlar da Hristiyan olmak i\u00e7in yeterlidir. \u0130znik \u0130nan\u00e7 Bildirgesi\u2019ne bu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/iznik-inanc-bildirgesi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">linkten<\/a> ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"uncode-single-media  text-left\">\n<div class=\"single-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"tmb tmb-light  tmb-media-first tmb-media-last tmb-content-overlay tmb-no-bg\">\n<div class=\"t-inside\">\n<div class=\"t-entry-visual\">\n<div class=\"t-entry-visual-tc\">\n<div class=\"uncode-single-media-wrapper\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-85107 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-210x140.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-720x480.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-945x630.jpg 945w\" alt=\"Katolik, Ortodoks ve Protestan\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-210x140.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-250x167.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-360x240.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-480x320.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-720x480.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili-uai-945x630.jpg 945w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/iznik-konsili.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0130znik Konsili&#8217;nde b\u00fct\u00fcn Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n uzla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararlar al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"uncode_text_column\">\n<h3>Katolik ve Ortodoks Kiliselerin B\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi:<\/h3>\n<p>Kiliseler aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6l\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce Roma ve Kilise tarihinden bahsetmemiz gerekiyor. Bilindi\u011fi gibi Hristiyanl\u0131k MS 1. yy\u2019da Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde do\u011fup b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. MS 3. yy\u2019\u0131n sonuna yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u0130ngiltere\u2019den ba\u015flay\u0131p Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 b\u00fct\u00fcn Akdeniz k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 (Avrupa, Afrika ve Orta Do\u011fu), Anadolu\u2019yu kapsayan \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir toprak \u00fczerinde egemenlik s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu. Bu da y\u00f6netimi zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. \u0130mparator Diocletian bu y\u00f6netimi kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in MS. 285 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu \u00f6nce Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu olarak iki temel y\u00f6netim b\u00f6lgesine sonra da her bir temel y\u00f6netim b\u00f6lgesini ikiye b\u00f6lerek Tetrarki yani d\u00f6rtl\u00fc y\u00f6netim sistemine ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Yunanistan topraklar\u0131 ve do\u011fusu yani Do\u011fu Roma Yunanca konu\u015fan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrden olu\u015fuyordu. Yunanistan\u2019\u0131n bat\u0131s\u0131nda kalan topraklar daha \u00e7ok Latince konu\u015fan bir k\u00fclt\u00fcrden olu\u015fuyordu. Bu iki b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6lge aras\u0131nda dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrden dolay\u0131 do\u011fal bir farkl\u0131l\u0131k zaten mevcuttu.<\/p>\n<p>Kilise tarihinin ilk 300 y\u0131l\u0131nda Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nda yasak olan Hristiyanl\u0131k MS. 306 y\u0131l\u0131nda Konstantin\u2019in imparator olmas\u0131yla son buldu. Hristiyanl\u0131k art\u0131k yasak bir inan\u0131\u015ftan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p yasal hale gelmi\u015fti. Sonras\u0131nda Konstantin Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun ba\u015fkentini Roma\u2019dan Konstantinopolis yani \u0130stanbul\u2019a ta\u015f\u0131r. Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle beraber d\u00fcnyada en b\u00fcy\u00fck Hristiyanl\u0131k merkezleri M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u0130skenderiye, Anadolu\u2019daki Antakya, Roma ve Konstantinopolis yani \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunuyordu. Bu d\u00f6rt ana merkez tamam\u0131yla e\u015fitti. Ba\u015flar\u0131nda Ba\u015f Episkoposlar bulunuyordu ve Papa olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan Roma Ba\u015f Episkoposu da bu e\u015fit episkoposlar aras\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n<h3>Bat\u0131 Roma\u2019n\u0131n Y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>MS. 476 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bat\u0131 Roma barbar ak\u0131nlar\u0131yla tamam\u0131yla y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. O d\u00f6nemki Bat\u0131 Roma topraklar\u0131na yerle\u015fen farkl\u0131 barbar gruplar\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Latin k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc benimsemi\u015flerdi. Bu arada Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu \u0130stanbul\u2019un liderli\u011finde bir b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kalabilmi\u015fti. 8. yy\u2019da \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ve \u0130slam Devleti\u2019nin Arabistan\u2019dan ba\u015flay\u0131p Orta Do\u011fu, Kuzey Afrika ve Anadolu\u2019nun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc fethetmesiyle Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu topraklar\u0131nda bulunan iki b\u00fcy\u00fck Hristiyanl\u0131k merkezi, \u0130skenderiye ve Antakya \u0130slam Devleti taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irildikten sonra Hristiyanl\u0131k\u2019ta sadece Roma ve \u0130stanbul merkez olarak kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu da ileride iki merkez aras\u0131nda yetki konusunda \u00e7eki\u015fmelere sebep olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>MS. 726 y\u0131l\u0131nda Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru 3. Leo, ikon ve resimleri yasaklatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6neme \u0130konoklazma d\u00f6nemi denir. Bu durum Roma ve \u0130stanbul aras\u0131nda ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck probleme neden olmu\u015ftu. Roma Episkoposu yani Papa bu yasa\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu da Roma Kilisesi\u2019nin \u0130stanbul Kilisesi\u2019nden uzakla\u015fmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"uncode-single-media  text-left\">\n<div class=\"single-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"tmb tmb-light  tmb-media-first tmb-media-last tmb-content-overlay tmb-no-bg\">\n<div class=\"t-inside\">\n<div class=\"t-entry-visual\">\n<div class=\"t-entry-visual-tc\">\n<div class=\"uncode-single-media-wrapper\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-85108 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-768x477.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-210x130.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-250x155.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-360x224.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-480x298.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-720x447.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-945x587.jpg 945w\" alt=\"Katoliklik\" width=\"1000\" height=\"621\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-768x477.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-210x130.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-250x155.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-360x224.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-480x298.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-720x447.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi-uai-945x587.jpg 945w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/bati-roma-yikilisi.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Bat\u0131 Roma MS. 376 &#8211; 476 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki Barbar istilas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda y\u0131k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"uncode_text_column\">\n<h3>B\u00f6l\u00fcnmedeki Siyasi Nedenler<\/h3>\n<p>MS. 751 y\u0131l\u0131nda o d\u00f6nem Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda bulunan Roma kuzeyden gelen barbarlar taraf\u0131ndan istila edilme tehlikesi olu\u015ftu. Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan yard\u0131m istemekten ka\u00e7\u0131nan Papa bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Fransa ve Almanya\u2019da olu\u015fmu\u015f olan Frankia krall\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yard\u0131m istedi. Frankia kral\u0131 yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla Roma\u2019y\u0131 Papa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6nderli\u011finde \u00f6zg\u00fcr bir \u00fclke yapt\u0131. Bu \u015fekilde Roma Kilisesi Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019ndan \u00f6zg\u00fcr kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durum bat\u0131 ve do\u011fu kiliselerinin birbirinden biraz daha uzakla\u015fmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu. O d\u00f6nem Frankia kral\u0131 olan \u015earlman ve Papa yak\u0131n ili\u015fkiler i\u00e7erisindeydi. MS. 800 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa \u015earlman\u2019\u0131 Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019na ra\u011fmen Roma \u0130mparatoru olarak kutsad\u0131.\u00a0 Bu durum \u015earlman\u2019a kendi imparatorulu\u011funu b\u00fcy\u00fctmesi ve korumas\u0131 i\u00e7in ruhsal bir yetki verirken Papal\u0131k da siyasi koruma elde etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n<p>Bu durum yasal olarak Roma \u0130mparatoru olan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru\u2019nu k\u0131zd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu kararlar Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu kiliseleri i\u00e7in onar\u0131lamayacak zararlar vermi\u015fti. Siyasi olarak do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 ne kadar ayr\u0131 olsa da teorik olarak tek bir kilise vard\u0131. MS. 863 y\u0131l\u0131nda Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatoru \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi\u2019ni se\u00e7ti\u011finde Papa buna kar\u015f\u0131 gelmi\u015fti. Bu ataman\u0131n kendisi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi konusunda \u0131srar etmi\u015fti. Sonras\u0131nda do\u011fu ve bat\u0131 kiliseleri aras\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck teolojik farkl\u0131l\u0131klar olu\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1053 y\u0131l\u0131nda Papa \u0130talya topraklar\u0131nda bulunan Do\u011fu Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu topraklar\u0131ndaki kiliselerin Bat\u0131 Kilisesi\u2019nin ibadet anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 benimsemeleri konusunda zorlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durum \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi\u2019ni k\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131 ve Patrik \u0130stanbul\u2019da bulunan Bat\u0131 kiliselerini kapatt\u0131rd\u0131. 1054 y\u0131l\u0131nda sonra Papa \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi\u2019ni ve Do\u011fu Kilisesi\u2019ni aforoz etti\u011fini duyurdu. Bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u0130stanbul Patri\u011fi de Papa\u2019y\u0131 Bat\u0131 Kilisesi\u2019ni aforoz etti\u011fini duyurdu. Bu \u015fekilde Bat\u0131 ve Do\u011fu Kilisesi tamamen ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bat\u0131 kilisesi kendine Katolik ismini verdi. Katolik kelimesinin anlam\u0131 \u201cevrensel\u201ddir. Do\u011fu kilisesi kendisini Ortodoks olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131. Ortodoks kelimesi \u201cdo\u011fru\u201d anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<h3>Protestanl\u0131k:<\/h3>\n<p>1054\u2019ten sonra Vatikan Avrupa\u2019da hem siyasi, hem askeri anlamda bir \u00e7ok krall\u0131ktan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hale gelmi\u015fti. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7 Vatikan\u2019\u0131 ruhsal bir otoritenin yan\u0131nda siyasi bir otoriteye \u00e7evirmi\u015fti. T\u00fcm Avrupa\u2019da toplanan vergilerle halk fakirle\u015firken kilise zenginle\u015fmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde kilise doktrinlerinde de de\u011fi\u015fimler g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1300\u2019l\u00fc y\u0131llarda \u0130ngiltere\u2019de bir rahip olan John Wycliff, Vatikan\u2019\u0131n baz\u0131 doktrinlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. En \u00f6nemlisi sadece Latince yaz\u0131lan ve Latince okunabilen Kutsal Kitap\u2019\u0131 \u0130ngilizceye \u00e7evirmek istemi\u015fti. Bu durum o d\u00f6nemde kilise taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck tepkiyle kar\u015f\u0131lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Wycliff\u2019in bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri b\u00fcy\u00fck topluluklar\u0131 harekete ge\u00e7irmeye yetmemi\u015fti ama yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fcz y\u0131l sonras\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir rahip bunu ba\u015faracakt\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>1517 y\u0131l\u0131nda Martin Luther ad\u0131nda Alman bir rahip \u00f6zellikle Katolik inanc\u0131 olan Araf ve End\u00fcljans (g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n temizlenmesi i\u00e7in gerekli olan t\u00f6vbe ve uygulamalar\u0131) kavramlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 95 maddelik bir tezi Wittenberg Katedralinin kap\u0131s\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Martin Luther\u2019in iddias\u0131 \u015fuydu: \u201cKurtulu\u015f sadece \u0130sa Mesih\u2019e imanla gelir\u201d \u0130yi i\u015flerle kurtulu\u015fun olamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Araf (\u00f6ld\u00fckten sonra cennete girmeden \u00f6nce g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n cezas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6dendi\u011fine inan\u0131lan yer) diye bir kavram\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iddia etti. Bu Vatikan\u2019\u0131 hi\u00e7 ho\u015fnut etmedi ve Luther aforoz edildi. Luther\u2019in takip\u00e7ileri ise bu konuda \u0131srarc\u0131 olarak bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini yayd\u0131. K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00f6zellikle Bat\u0131 ve Kuzey Avrupa\u2019y\u0131 kapsayan isyanlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bug\u00fcn bizim bildi\u011fimiz Reformasyon hareketi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu. Martin Luther sadece kurtulu\u015f ile ilgili \u00f6\u011freti\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karken k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcre sonra ba\u015fka teologlar farkl\u0131 Katolik \u00f6\u011freti\u015flere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bunun sonucunda bizim bug\u00fcn bildi\u011fimiz Protestan mezhebi ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"uncode-single-media  text-left\">\n<div class=\"single-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"tmb tmb-light  tmb-media-first tmb-media-last tmb-content-overlay tmb-no-bg\">\n<div class=\"t-inside\">\n<div class=\"t-entry-visual\">\n<div class=\"t-entry-visual-tc\">\n<div class=\"uncode-single-media-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-84934 entered lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-210x118.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-360x203.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-720x405.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-945x532.jpg 945w\" alt=\"Martin Luther\" width=\"1000\" height=\"563\" data-lazy-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-210x118.jpg 210w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-250x141.jpg 250w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-360x203.jpg 360w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-480x270.jpg 480w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-720x405.jpg 720w, https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1-uai-945x532.jpg 945w\" data-lazy-sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-lazy-src=\"https:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/martin-luther-1.jpg\" data-ll-status=\"loaded\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Martin Luther 95 Tezi kilise kap\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7iviler<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"uncode_text_column\">\n<h3>Katolik \u2013 Ortodoks \u2013 Protestan Teolojik Farklar<\/h3>\n<p>Bu \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck mezhep Hristiyan olarak ayn\u0131 temel inan\u00e7lara sahipler ancak baz\u0131 detaylarda farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterirler. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da hangi konularda farkl\u0131 inan\u0131\u015flara sahip olduklar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<h4>El\u00e7isel Ard\u0131ll\u0131k<\/h4>\n<p>El\u00e7isel Ard\u0131ll\u0131k inan\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130sa Mesih\u2019ten el\u00e7ilerine, el\u00e7ilerinden episkoposlara ve onlardan da rahiplere bir yetki aktar\u0131m\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu inan\u0131\u015fa g\u00f6re yetki bu s\u0131rayla geldi\u011fi i\u00e7in kilisedeki atamalar\u0131 ancak episkoposlar yapar. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sakramentler (vaftiz, ekmek \u2013 \u015farap ayini, evlilik vs.) ve \u00f6\u011freti\u015f ancak bu atanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan uygulan\u0131r. Katolik ve Ortodoks kiliseleri bu kavrama inan\u0131rken, Protestan kiliseler genel olarak buna inanmazlar. Ancak Protestan kiliseleri aras\u0131nda da bu sisteme g\u00f6re y\u00f6netilen kiliseler vard\u0131r. Katolik kiliselerinde rahipler evlenemezken, Ortodoks kiliselerinde rahipler evlenebilir. Protestan kiliselerinde b\u00f6yle bir kural yoktur.<\/p>\n<h4>Papa<\/h4>\n<p>Katolik Kilisesi Papa\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fcnyadaki t\u00fcm kiliselerin \u00f6nderi oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlar ve \u00f6zellikle Papa\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131lmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilkesini \u00f6nemserler. Ortodoks ve Protestan kiliseleri buna kesinlikle inanmazlar.<\/p>\n<h4>Vaftiz<\/h4>\n<p>Katolik Kilisesi \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 vaftiz eder. Belirli bir ya\u015ftan sonra inan\u00e7 ikrar\u0131 ile kilisenin tamamen bir \u00fcyesi olurlar. Ortodoks Kilisesi de \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 vaftiz eder. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n bu vaftizle birlikte \u00e7ocuklar kilisenin beklemeden bir \u00fcyesi olurlar. Protestan kiliselerinin genelinde \u00e7ocuk vaftizi yoktur; ancak bu uygulamaya inanan Protestan kiliseleri de vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h4>Araf ve End\u00fcljanslar<\/h4>\n<p>Katolik Kilisesi Araf (ge\u00e7ici mekan) ve end\u00fcljans (g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n eylemle temizlenmesi) kavramlar\u0131na inan\u0131rlar. Araf ki\u015filerin Cennet\u2019e gitmeden \u00f6nce g\u00fcnahlar\u0131n\u0131n bedelini \u00f6deyip temizledikleri ge\u00e7ici mekan\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r. Ortodoks ve Protestan kiliseleri bu kavramlara inanmazlar.<\/p>\n<h4>Meryem<\/h4>\n<p>\u0130sa Mesih\u2019in annesi Bakire Meryem Katolik ve Ortodoks kiliselerinde g\u00fcnahs\u0131z, sonsuz bakire (\u0130sa Mesih\u2019ten ba\u015fka \u00e7ocu\u011fu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na olan inan\u0131\u015f) ve \u0130sa Mesih taraf\u0131ndan g\u00f6\u011fe al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rlar. Protestan kiliseleri Meryem\u2019i se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, \u00f6nemli bir karakter olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Ancak g\u00fcnahs\u0131z, sonsuz bakire ve g\u00f6\u011fe al\u0131nmas\u0131na inanmazlar.<\/p>\n<h4>Kutsal Kitap<\/h4>\n<p>Katolik ve Ortodox kiliseleri Kutsal Kitap ve kilise geleneklerini e\u015fit bir \u015fekilde ilahi bilgi ve yetki kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcrler. Protestan kiliselerinin geneli sadece bu yetkinin sadece Kutsal Kitap\u2019ta oldu\u011funa inan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n<h4>Sanat<\/h4>\n<p>Katolik Kilisesi binalar\u0131nda resim, heykel, fresko gibi sanat eserleri kullan\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n Ortodoks Kilisesi sadece resim ve mozaik kullan\u0131rlar. \u0130ki kilise gelene\u011finde bu sanat eserleri \u0130sa Mesih, azizler, Kutsal Kitap sahneleri resmetti\u011fi i\u00e7in bu sanat eserleri kutsald\u0131r. Protestan kiliselerinde b\u00f6yle bir inan\u0131\u015f yoktur.<\/p>\n<h4>Ekmek \u2013 \u015earap Ayini<\/h4>\n<p>Ekmek \u2013 \u015earap Ayini\u2019ne Evkaristya, Rab\u2019bin Sofras\u0131 ya da Kom\u00fcnyon denir. \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in \u00e7arm\u0131ha gerilmeden \u00f6nce \u00f6\u011frencileriyle yemi\u015f oldu\u011fu son ak\u015fam yeme\u011fidir. Burada \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in s\u00f6zlerinden dolay\u0131 ibadetlerde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. Ortodoks ve Katolik kiliseleri bu ayinlerde ekmek ve \u015farab\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcne ve \u0130sa Mesih\u2019in bu ayin s\u00fcresince masadaki ger\u00e7ek varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na inan\u0131rlar. Protestan kiliselerinin genelinde bu ayin sadece simgeseldir.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Kaynak\u00e7a: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.kutsalkitap.org\">www.kutsalkitap.org<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Katoliklik, Ortodoksluk ve Protestanl&#305;k Aras&#305;ndaki Farklar Nelerdir? &Uuml;lkemizde en &ccedil;ok merak edilen konulardan birisi 3 temel Hristiyan mezhep olan Katoliklik, Ortodoksluk ve Protestanl&#305;k aras&#305;nda ne fark oldu&#287;u konusudur. Bu makalemizde bunlara de&#287;inece&#287;iz. &Ouml;ncesinde tabi ortak oldu&#287;u noktalardan bahsetmekte fayda var. Katolikleri, Ortodokslar&#305; ve Protestanlar&#305; bu mezheplerin birer par&ccedil;as&#305; yapan &ouml;zelliklerden daha &ouml;nemlisi bu mezheplere mensup [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-inancimizla-ilgili-makaleler","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1765"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3249,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1765\/revisions\/3249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/christiancircassians.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}